Faces, and why they were used
Every sign splits into three faces, sometimes called decans, of ten degrees each. The scheme is older than the popular sun sign column by a long way, and it existed precisely because a thirty degree sign was thought too coarse a unit to say anything useful about.
There are two common ways of assigning rulers to those faces. The Chaldean order runs the planets in their traditional speed sequence around all thirty six faces in turn. The triplicity scheme instead gives each face to a sign of the same element. Both are traditional, and a source that quotes one without naming it has quietly chosen a side.
Where 4 July actually falls
At noon across the years from 1930 to 2035, the Sun on this date stood between roughly eleven and a half and thirteen degrees of Cancer. The band from ten to twenty is the second face, so every year in that sample lands inside it with room to spare.
Under the Chaldean order the second face of Cancer belongs to Mercury. Under the triplicity scheme it belongs to Scorpio and so to Mars. Tradition reads the first as adding scrutiny and articulacy to a watery sign, and the second as adding intensity. Neither claim is measurable, and both are worth labelling as inherited reading rather than fact.
Distance from the edges is worth putting in plain numbers, because people are told they are on a cusp for far less than this. Twelve degrees of Cancer is twelve degrees from the Gemini boundary behind it and eighteen from the Leo boundary ahead. The Sun covers a little under a degree a day at this time of year, so that is roughly thirteen days behind and nineteen days ahead. The ingress moment wanders by about a day and a half at most, so no year, hour or zone brings those figures near each other.
The degree hardly moves, and there is a mechanical reason
The narrowness of that range surprises people who assume solar positions drift. What drifts is the clock time of an event, not the longitude on a fixed calendar date. Each common year the Sun arrives about six hours late; each leap year February hands back roughly a day.
Averaged over the four year cycle those two effects almost cancel out, leaving a wobble of well under two degrees across the whole century sampled. The Sun still travels about a degree within the date itself, from midnight to midnight, so an early morning birth and a late evening one differ slightly even in the same year.
What the face does not decide
Nothing outside the Sun follows from the calendar. The Moon changes sign every two or three days and can be in either of two signs across a single 4 July. The ascendant depends on the minute and the latitude, and it turns through the full circle daily.
So the useful summary is narrow and firm: the sign is settled, the degree is close to twelve, the face is the second one, and everything else in the chart still needs the hour and the birthplace. The widget above takes those and returns your own degree along with the margin between it and the nearest boundary.
The rough scale of what is left open is easy to state. On a single 4 July the Moon occupies one sign or, if it crosses during the day, either of two; across the sampled years it turns up in all twelve on this date. The ascendant runs the full twelve in a day and moves about a degree every four minutes, so it is the placement that separates two births an hour apart in the same hospital. Between them those two account for most of what makes one chart on this date unlike another.
Questions people ask about this
Is 4 July always Cancer?
Yes, in every year checked at noon between 1930 and 2035. The Cancer ingress falls around 21 June and the Leo ingress around 22 July, so this date sits comfortably between them.
What decan is 4 July?
The second decan of Cancer, covering ten to twenty degrees. The Chaldean order rules it with Mercury and the triplicity scheme with Mars through Scorpio.
How far into Cancer is the Sun on this date?
About eleven and a half to thirteen degrees at noon, varying with the year. The widget above narrows that to a single figure once it has your year, hour and birthplace.
Why does the decan ruler differ between sources?
Because two traditional schemes exist and many pages quote one without saying which. Neither is a modern invention and the difference is bookkeeping rather than disagreement about the position.
Does a decan change my sun sign?
No. It subdivides it. The Sun is in Cancer at eleven degrees just as fully as at twenty nine, and the face is an extra layer of description laid over that.
Can two people born on 4 July have very different charts?
Easily. They share the Sun to within a degree and can differ in Moon sign, ascendant and every house placement, all of which depend on the hour and the place.